It is a legislative requirement of accreditation that rail transport operators (RTOs) have an appropriate safety management system (SMS) in place.

An SMS is a rail transport operator’s primary means for identifying hazards, recording the risks to safety it has identified within its operations and detailing how those risks are managed and monitored. RTOs are legally obliged to implement and then comply with their SMS (RSNL s101).

The level of detail included in a SMS will be determined by the complexity of the rail operations for which it has been designed.

Safety management is an ongoing process. It is an essential requirement of receiving and maintaining accreditation with ONRSR.

There are five parts to effective rail safety management:

  • identification of all the hazards and risks to safety;
  • planning of actions to eliminate or reduce the risks;
  • competent people to implement controls and defences;
  • regular monitoring of both the risks and effectiveness of the controlling actions; and
  • identification and management of changes to the operational risk profile.

Tourist & Heritage (smaller operators)

Smaller less-complex operators and Tourist & Heritage operators should ensure that their SMS is consistent with their specific operations. A suite of SMS Modules, together with a number of example tools and templates have been developed to assist with this.

Asset Management Guideline

Asset management is an integral element of any rail transport operator's safety management system, used to manage the risks associated with the design, use and disposal of physical assets throughout their lifecycle, ensuring assets are safe to operate and maintain. ONRSR's Asset Management Guideline provides scalable guidance for industry on how to comply with asset management obligations under the Rail Safety National Law.

In developing the guidance, ONRSR aimed to describe ‘good asset management’, focus on asset management specific to safety and align with existing definitions and standards for asset management.

The guidance complements rather than repeats guidance available to industry such as:

  • Safety Management System Guideline
  • Meaning of Duty to Ensure Safety So Far as is Reasonably Practicable.

Development of the guideline was informed by an Asset Management Industry Reference Group, involving some of Australia’s leading rail transport operators.

Using the guidance

Key features of the asset management guideline include:

  • regulatory requirements
  • what ONRSR expects
  • a ‘ready reckoner’ of the key issues that ONRSR will be seeking in an RTO’s asset management system
  • useful approaches for enhancing asset management practices.

Health and fitness

Rail transport operators must ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that rail safety workers (including contractors) who perform rail safety work in relation to their railway operations are of sufficient health and fitness to carry out that work safely.

As part of their safety management system, accredited rail transport operators must prepare and implement a health and fitness program for rail safety workers. This program must comply with the National Transport Commission’s (NTC) National Standard for Health Assessment of Rail Safety Workers. The current edition of the Standard took effect on 11 November 2024.

The Standard provides practical guidance for:

  • rail operators to manage risks posed by the health and fitness of rail safety workers
  • health professionals authorised to conduct health assessments of rail safety workers (Authorised Health Professionals).

It is the responsibility of the rail transport operator to ensure that health professionals conducting health assessments for their workers are authorised to do so. Only health professionals who are suitably qualified, have completed approved training and are registered with the AHP Program are authorised to complete health assessments for rail safety workers.

For a copy of the Standard and supporting guidance (including fact sheets for rail safety workers and rail transport operators) visit the NTC website.

Interoperability of railway operations

Rail transport operators whose railway operations are undertaken on, or form part of, the National Network for Interoperability (NNI), must consider interoperability when making changes to their operations on the NNI.

Operators that are determined by the Regulator to be a tourist and heritage operator are exempt from these requirements.

As part of their safety management system, rail transport operators on the NNI must:

  • have an element in their Safety Management System for the identification and consideration of interoperability when planning or implementing changes to their railway operations
  • prepare an interoperability management plan if interoperability matters are identified.

ONRSR’s Interoperability of railway operations Guideline is designed to assist operators with the interoperability requirements under the Rail Safety National Law National Regulations 2012.

The Guideline outlines a three-step process to assist operators identify and consider interoperability matters and determine if an Interoperability Management Plan is required. The Guideline also provides guidance on what should be included in the Plan.

The key to considering interoperability is identifying other rail transport operators on the NNI that may be impacted by the change and undertaking consultation with those operators to understand the likely impacts.

Last updated: Jan 29, 2026, 11:37:13 AM